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Hmmmm, , , Micks been thinking again !!, , ,1) An appliance will only draw what it needs - so if the charging battery draws 4 Amp, and the Solar Panel supplies 12 Amp, , , 8 amps x 12v = 96 watts WASTED !!

2) So SYLCELL is good and works for 1 battery if you want a fast charge - But the simple solution is to add 1 or more batteries in parallel, to draw the extra current from the Solar Panel, , , as in the above 1) Add 3 batteries in PARALELL ( 3 x 4 = 12 ) to draw 12 Amps - SORTED !!

Solar Cell Power Doubler - KeelyNet 12/22/01
courtesy John Draper

Several years ago, our late friend John Draper told me about a unique invention he was associated with. This was a method of rewiring any solar panel so as to double its power output.

The patent # 4,651,080 is dated March 17th, 1987 and so is still in force. John told me they had contacted three of the top solar cell manufacturers and they weren't interested, thinking it would cut their sales in half.....

You can easily see how it could benefit the implementation of far more efficient electric vehicles, hydrogen production from water to fuel an engine and power for a house, business or to fulfill other electrical energy needs.

This could be a great home power project for personal use and an excellent science fair exhibit to get the technology out to everyone.

John wanted to see this technique put into use to benefit the world, perhaps this document will help set that in motion. For commercial use, you would need to contact his surviving business partner and his family to discuss licensing fees.

U.S. Energy Partnerships, Inc.
The SYLCELL High Efficiency Battery Charging System

Introduction

U.S. Energy Partnerships, Inc. has been granted a patent on an advanced energy transfer method. U.S. patent # 4,651,080 (International patent-pending). This invention promises to generate the largest increase in solar energy output in years.

This effective increase in energy output, and thus an increase in unit efficiency, is a direct result of the new energy transfer technology developed by U.S. Energy Partnerships, Inc..

The following is an excerpt from a professional engineering consulting firm report which evaluated the SYLCELL test findings:

"...During the test, the conventional (solar cell array) produced 83.48 watt-hours of energy while the SYLCELL produced 159.20 watt-hours. The SYLCELL battery cells lost 25.88 watt-hours during the dark period from discharge through the solar cells (A reverse current blocking device was not used during this test.)

The SYLCELL configuration produced 50.09 watt-hours more than the conventional configuration for this test case, or stated another way, the SYLCELL configuration produced 60 percent more energy for the same solar radiation."

Although the report confirms a 60 percent increase in power transfer, in actual use actual power transfer efficiencies have been improved over 100 percent.

Advantages

• Does not use trackers, filters or optical concentrators.

• Over 100 percent increase in energy transfer efficiency when compared to conventional methods.

• Uses off-the-shelf photo-voltaic cells. Matching of cells is NOT required. (In fact...greater efficiency is realized with unmatched cells.)

• No special tooling required. Array assembly cost increase 5 percent on an average.

• Nothing extra to buy. No 'black-box' technology involved. SYLCELL is a method, not a piece of hardware.

• Works on small or large systems alike.

• Less array required (smaller footprint) for the same amount of power.

• Lowers system cost by lowering the amount of cells for any given amount energy required.

Description of Invention

This document is derived from the descriptive information which accompanied the patent application for a HIGH EFFICIENCY BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM.

All techniques herein discussed are contained in U.S. patent 4,651,080.

The invention is known as SYLCELL(tm).

Technical Field

SYLCELL relates generally to rapid charging of batteries, and more particularly, toward high efficiency charging of batteries using photo-voltaic cell arrays.

SYLCELL Definition

SYLCELL provides a highly efficient energy transfer between generation and storage devices. Specifically, this description pertains to storage battery and photovoltaic (PV) arrays.

SYLCELL technology optimizes the impedance match between PV cells and batteries while minimizing the internal resistance of the charging circuit. This provides a substantial increase in charging efficiency than was possible with the older conventional method.

With SYLCELL, groups of battery cells are connected in series with each other to form a pool battery, and groups of PV cells are connected in series with each other within a PV array. The two groups are then interconnected in parallel to form SYLCELL. The series-parallel configuration provides maximum power transfer from the PV array to the storage battery.

SYLCELL offers additional advantages. For instance...When multiple parallel sets of series arrays are interconnected in accordance with SYLCELL, protection against single cell failure is provided. Another advantage is that matched sets of photovoltaic cells are not required to achieve efficiency as in the older conventional method.

SYLCELL also improves the efficiency of PV cell arrays delivering power to resistive loads. Furthermore, any number of charging sources as well as battery cells can be applied using the same principles of SYLCELL.

Other advantages of SYLCELL are apparent. SYLCELL is capable of other interconnections and is capable of modification into various configurations. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions used in this documeted are to be regarded as illustrative in nature only, and not as restrictive.

Prior Art

Referring to Figure 1, a pool battery 10 is comprised of six battery cells 11-16 connected in series. Each cell has an internal resistance that depends on a number of different factors, such as the size, chemical makeup of the cell, cell temperature, and state of charge. When fully charged each cell has a cell voltage of about 2.17 Vdc.

Also connected in series are thirty six (36) conventional PV cells 18. The PV cells 18, responsive to sunlight, each develops an open circuit voltage of about 0.55 Vdc, for a total open circuit of approximately 19.8 Vdc.

The negative (-) terminal of the first PV cell 18a of the array 18 and the negative terminal of the battery 11 are interconnected to form a negative output terminal 20. Similarly, the positive (+) terminal of the last PV cell 18aa of the array and the positive terminal of battery cell 16 are interconnected to form a positive output terminal 22.

Charging current is measured by ammeter A in Figure 1, connected in series with the PV array 18 and pool battery 10. The battery voltage is measured by a voltmeter V connected across battery output terminals 20 and 22.

When the array 18 is exposed to sunlight, and the array voltage exceeds the terminal voltage of pool battery 10, the array supplies charging current to the pool battery.

A regulator 24, interposed between the PV cell array 18 and the pool battery 10, controls the amount of charging current applied by the array to the pool battery and protects the pool battery from becoming overcharged. The regulator also provides reverse current protection (usually in the form of a series diode) that prevents the battery from discharging through the PV cells during darkness.

Figure 2 shows the charging characteristics of an initially discharged, 12 volt, 10 ampere-hour system. Curve 26 shows the charging current applied by the conventional PV array 18 to pool battery 10. Pool battery 10 is charged until the battery has an electrolyte specific gravity of 1.210. The initial charging current of 2.05 amperes decays to 0.085 amperes after a charging time of six hours.

The battery voltage, indicated by graph line 28, rises from approximately 0 volts to the float voltage of 12.9 Vdc during the six hour charging period.

SYLCELL Method

SYLCELL substantially reduces the charging time of battery cells compared to the older technology by providing a unique manner of interconnecting PV cells and the battery cells.

Referring now to Figure 3, the PV array 18' is a modification of the array 18 shown in Figure 2. Array 18' is connected in a series-parallel manner, rather than in series with the pool battery 10.

The series-parallel connection of the PV cell array 18' and pool battery 10 lowers the effective internal resistance of the array, optimizes PV and battery impedance matching, and thereby substantially improves the efficiency of energy transfer to the battery cells.

In accordance with SYLCELL, a wire 30 interconnects the junction between battery cells 11 and 12 and the junction between PV cells 18'b and 18'c.

Similarly a second wire 32 interconnects the junction between battery cells 12 and 13 and the junction between PV cell 18'd and 18'e.

Wire 34 interconnects the junction between battery cells 13 and 14 and the junction between PV cells 18'f and 18'g and wire 36 interconnects the junction between battery cells 14 and 15 and the junction between PV cells 18'h and 18'j.

Finally, wire 38 interconnects the junction between battery cells 15 and 16 and the junction between PV cells 18'k and 18'l.

Outputs from the array are taken from the first and last PV cells 18'a and 18'm.

In other words, the array 18' is sectionalized into six sets of six PV cells each, with each set connected in parallel to a corresponding set of cells 11-16 of pool battery 10.

Figure 4 shows the current and voltage charging profiles of the battery cells 11-16, using the PV array 18' in Figure 3. With the battery cells initially fully discharged and the PV cell array 18' exposed to sunlight the battery charging current is approximately 12.3 amperes. The charging current decreases to the float or trickle charge current of 0.085 ampere within sixty minutes, as shown by the graph line 34.

The voltage, shown in graph line 36, increases from an initial, fully discharged, voltage of approximately 0, to 12.9 Vdc float voltage during only a sixty minute time period.

Comparing the current and voltage charging profiles of Figures 2 and 4, it is apparent that the charging circuit of Figure 3 is substantially more efficient than the prior art charging circuit of Figure 1.

Night Discharge Prevention

In the conventional charging method a blocking diode is usually used to prevent the battery pool from discharging through the PV cell during the night. This diode has about a 0.5 volt voltage drop. In a conventional system this 0.5 volt drop out of approximately 12 volt total charge voltage does not cause an undue decrease in charge current.

In the SYLCELL configuration this 0.5 volt drop in a 2 volt charge potential would create an unacceptable decrease in charging current. One way to offset this problem, and still allow the passage of full SYLCELL charging current, is to use a simple latching relay contact 40-45 in each series-parallel SYLCELL battery and PV cell interconnection. The latching relay may be controlled by an auxiliary circuit 46 which is controlled either by a timer or by a simple circuit which sense the loss of sunlight.

Summary

The foregoing description of SYLCELL has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit SYLCELL to the precise form described since many obvious modifications and variatons are possible. The configuration described was chosen in order to best explain the principles of SYLCELL and its practical application.

More information is available and will be added here shortly....>>> Jerry

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